请简单介绍一下莎士比亚十四行诗？谢谢！！
关于莎士比亚： 威廉·莎士比亚Willian Shakspeare（1564～1616）,欧洲文艺复兴时期英国伟大的戏剧家、诗人、作家。1564年,莎士比亚出生于英国的斯特拉福城。34岁时,被公认为新崛起的剧作家。著名的作品有《亨利六世》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《奥赛罗》、《哈姆雷特》等。他的一生为世人留下了37个剧本、一卷十四行诗和两部叙事长诗。 关于十四行诗：十四行诗又名商籁体，是欧洲的一种抒情诗体，原兴起于意大利，16世纪上半叶传入英国。据说，将其引进的是意大利著名十四行诗人彼拉特克的两位模仿者怀阿特（1503—1541）和萨利（1516—1542）。但是他二人都未能将这一诗体发扬光大，只来得及指点一下方向便不幸夭折了。怀阿特在伦敦塔里被关押了5年，获释后很快就去世了；萨利则死于断头台下。十四行诗的真正繁荣是在16世纪90年代，它是随着英国文艺复兴运动的高涨而达到高峰的。当时，英国诗人们十分喜欢这种诗体，因为它多采取连续性的组诗形式，紧凑集中，格律严谨。尤其是锡德尼德《阿斯特罗诽尔和斯黛拉》刊行问世之后，十四行诗体突然风行一时，成为英国最为流行的诗歌形式。当时追逐这种文学时尚的人很多，在 1592年至1597年这5年间，英国共发表了2500多首十四行诗，这一时期写出但没有发表的诗歌数目简直是个天文数字。 莎士比亚的十四行诗：莎士比亚在紧跟时尚方面从不落后，他自然也加入到十四行诗人们的这场角逐、较量之中，并且同在戏曲领域中的比赛一样，他也取得了骄人的成绩。可以说，在推出了最早的两首长篇叙事诗《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《鲁克丽丝受辱记》之后，莎士比亚的十四行诗在艺术上取得了更高成就。当时十四行诗的写者虽众，但是成品质量大多不高，莎士比亚的十四行诗确实写得高出了一般水平，不仅在内容上有新意，在形式上也突破了旧体例，因此莎士比亚堪称英国十四行诗的集大成者。这些至今仍能强烈吸引读者的商籁诗，一般认为是莎士比亚于1592年至1598年间陆续创作的，共154首，它们证明莎士比亚攀登上了当时诗歌文化的巅峰，标志着他的诗歌创作迈上了一个新的高度，从而为英国诗歌史上又增添了一笔丰厚的文化遗产。据考证，第一个提到莎士比亚的十四行诗的是作家米尔斯，他在《智慧宝库》（1598年）一书中，提到“在他的朋友中传抄的鼎鼎大名的莎士比亚所写的甜蜜的十四行诗。”通过这句话我们可以知道，莎士比亚的十四行诗当时很受欢迎，同时也可以判断，直到1598年这些杂诗还未刊印成册，读者只能私下传抄。即使如此不方便，也没有减淡人们竞相争阅莎士比亚十四行诗的热情。1609年，第一本《莎士比亚十四行诗集》出版，负责印行的是托马斯·索普，尽管这本诗集很可能是未经作者同意就出版的“盗印本”，但我们仍要感激索普先生的初衷和勇气。据说，当时莎士比亚的十四行诗一经写成，即被私下传抄，索普早已到处收集并有意结集成册，所以他得到了不少诗稿的手抄本。一次，有人替他弄到了一箱子莎士比亚的十四行诗，他对此感恩不尽。最后，索普如愿以偿地成为第一本莎士比亚十四行诗集的出版商，他在献词中写到：“献给下面刊行的十四行诗的惟一促成者W．H．先生，值此刊行之际，善意的冒昧者谨祝他幸福无疆，并享我们永生的诗人所许诺的千古芳名。T．T．。”这里有两个人名的缩写，“T．T”是托马斯·索普（ThomasThorpe）的起首字母，这已为莎士比亚研究者认同，那么，“W．H．”先生是指谁呢？索普肯定没有料及，他轻易写就的两个字母竟导致后人进行了繁琐的考证和激烈的争论。有人认为W．H．是指彭布罗克伯爵威廉·赫伯特，此人可能也作过莎士比亚的庇护人。另有人说是骚桑普顿伯爵，因为他的原名是亨利·里兹利（HenryWriothesley）。还有更为异想天开的猜测，比如美国哈佛大学一位莎学教授专门著书来论证W．H．先生指伦敦法学院的一位花花公子威廉·哈利弗，而英国的唯美作家王尔德则指出该人指的是一名叫威尔·休斯的青年演员。据说，这部诗集是英国诗歌中引起争论最多的诗集，其焦点除了纠缠在W．H．先生的身上外，更大的疑团还是存在于诗歌的主题内容上。 莎士比亚的十四行诗之所以吸引了古往今来的众多读者，主要原因是因为其诗的“甜蜜”，即它们用悦耳动听的语言音韵赞颂了世间最为美好的情感—— 友谊和爱情。诗集主要涉及三个人物：诗人、“年轻朋友”和“黑肤女郎”。154首诗大体分为两部分，第一部分从第127首至第152首，是献给“黑肤女郎”的。最后两首诗与上述题材无关，像是对希腊格言诗的翻译或仿作。莎士比亚的十四行诗主要是歌颂友谊，抒写爱情，表达了诗人对人生的理想。 300多年来，莎士比亚的研究者和传记作者们都有一件共同的憾事，就是这位卓越人物没有留下任何自传、日记或是信件，因而让人望尘莫及。但在他的十四行诗集中，诗人情真意切地投入了自己，既礼赞了友情，又表白了爱情，注入了个人较深的感受，于是人们不禁要猜测，这部诗集会不会像其他许多文学作品一样也有作者的自传成分呢？因此也就研究起各诗所涉及的一些具体情节来，如诗中的年轻朋友是谁，127首以后提到的黑女人又是谁，她与诗人有什么关系？最大的问题是，这些情节是否是莎士比亚本人的经历呢？对于这些问题，历代学者、文人作了大量的考证，提出了许多猜想，至今聚诉不已。对此，有人谨慎地指出艺术家的创作不等于生活本身，在创作过程中想象力往往集中又溶化了一切，而某些考证家们的兴趣过分放在细枝末节上，这对作品价值的了解不一定有多少帮助。尽管如此，大多数评论家仍肯定莎士比亚十四行诗具有一定的自传性，正如英国19世纪“湖畔”派诗人华兹华斯所说：“用这把钥匙，莎士比亚打开了自己的心扉。”他说的钥匙便是指十四行诗集。笔者认为，关于这部诗集的争论无关宏旨，人们应该将注意力移至他本身的思想力量和艺术力量方面去，但在此我们也不妨利用起这把钥匙，姑且相信它有一定的自传色彩，以此贴近莎士比亚模糊邈远的个人生活，并试图走入他的情感世界。 莎士比亚同时代的人多把十四行诗献给自己的情人，莎士比亚也有些诗作是献给一个他称之为黑肤女郎的，但仅有25首，其他100余首十四行诗都是献给一位年轻朋友的。这说明在莎士比亚的十四行诗中，友谊似乎比爱情的地位更高。这不足为奇，因为友情至上的心理在当时十分普遍。对此“大学才子”约翰· 李利在剧本《恩底弥翁》（1591年）中有一段明白的论述：“卓荦不凡的太太有这倾国倾城的美色，是否比患难之交的真正忠诚拥有更大的威力？男子对妇女的爱情是一种习以为常、十分自然的事情，男子对男子的友谊则是无限的、不朽的……美和美德之间、肉体和灵魂之间、藻饰和自然生机之间有多大的差异，爱情和友谊之间就有多大的差异……友谊在风暴中屹立不动。世界在美丽的脸庞上刻下皱纹，然而却赋予忠贞的友谊以越来越多的清新色彩。无论炎凉，无论贫富，任何命运都不能将友谊改变。”看来，正是在这种友谊至上的心态下，莎士比亚用诗歌的形式盛赞友谊是人生最美好的无价之宝。 在莎士比亚的十四行诗集中，第一部分中所涉及到的年轻朋友究竟是谁，始终都是众说纷纭、莫衷一是，就编者而言，倾向于认为这个年轻朋友就是莎士比亚惟一的庇护人骚桑普顿伯爵。莎士比亚在献上两首长诗之后，对十四行诗又情有独钟，于是写来送给与他友谊日深的骚桑普顿。除了借诗传情外，莎士比亚的另一个目的更为急切，骚桑普顿伯爵年轻英俊、风流倜傥，但是不愿意让婚姻套牢，而他的母亲却希望儿子尽快结婚生子，以保证家族兴旺。于是伯爵夫人委托莎士比亚进行规劝，这样便诞生了一组以敦促尽早成家传宗接代为主题的十四行诗。但年轻人对于年长者的劝告往往置之不理，以致引火烧身，追悔莫及。骚桑普顿后来的经历就证明了这一点：1598年2月，不安分的骚桑普顿与女王的贵嫔伊丽莎白·弗农私通，致使她怀孕，被迫结婚。女王对于那些破坏了她的宫廷侍女贞操的人一向毫不留情，骚桑普顿大概害怕遭到惩罚，撇下怀孕的妻子去了欧洲大陆。在巴黎他参加网球赛赌博，结果输的身无分文，到11月妻子生下女儿后，他才不得不回到伦敦。如此看来，假设当骚桑普顿接受莎士比亚的劝告，按部就班地攀一门高亲结婚生子振兴家业，就不会落到后来这样的狼狈境地。 如果说从十四行诗中我们可以看到诗人的情感世界，那么这个世界就是一个真、善、美统一的世界。诗人在这些歌颂友情与爱情的诗歌中，提出了他所主张的生活的最高标准：真、善、美及这三者的结合：“真，善，美就是我们全部的主题；真，善，美，变化成不同的辞章；我的创造力就用在这种变化里，三题合一，产生瑰丽的景象。真善美，过去是各不相关，而现在，三位同座，真是空间。”这第105首十四行诗，可以看作是整部诗集的终曲和结语，是我们理解莎士比亚十四行诗思想精髓的一把钥匙。这时的莎士比亚青春年少、风华正茂，他对人生对社会都充满了美好的期望，对人文主义理想也深信不疑。他想要热情赞美和执着追求一种至真至纯的感情，一种真善美相统一的感情，无论是友情还是爱情都是如此。 莎士比亚的十四行诗是世界诗歌宝库中的一颗绚丽夺目的明珠。莎士比亚的诗才虽然在这些诗中只是牛刀小试，但却呈现出夺睛耀目的色彩。这些十四行诗不仅表现了一个人文主义者对真、善、美的理想和看法，同时还表现出了人与人之间的不和谐所引起的失望与焦虑，可以说它们不仅仅是个人的抒情，同时也表达了一个时代。莎士比亚十四行诗中，除了强烈的感情之外，还有深邃的思想，反映了他进步的人生观和艺术观，这些思想在否定中世纪黑暗时代的禁欲主义和神权的基础上，赞扬了人的个性，宣称人的平等，赋予了人和人生以新的内容和意义，达到了欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义民主思想的最高水平。 我们还应该注意到莎士比亚十四行诗的其他特点，莎士比亚会文人所会，但他的诗歌又有其他文人所无的现实感和市井情趣。他有丰富的人生经验和深刻的忧患意识，同时又有乐观精神使他能够清醒而保持平衡。莎士比亚绝不是苦涩的难产诗人，他总是能妙语泉涌、滔滔不绝，正如后人德莱登所说：“只要时机不凡，他也能身手不凡，从无题材合适而他不能写得大大超过别的诗人的情况。”莎士比亚驾驭语言的技巧可谓精湛高超，他的语言能华丽如云锦，又能素净如洁水。此外，他还对音韵非常敏感，创造了自己的诗韵，即有名的“莎士比亚韵”。莎士比亚的诗歌语言具有很强的音乐性，读来优美动听，所以人称“甜蜜”。 总之，莎士比亚以惊人的艺术表现力得心应手地运用了商籁诗体。在154首十四行诗中，他表现了广阔的思想天地。诗中形象的生动，词汇的丰富，语言的巧妙，音调的铿锵，都是异常突出的，被誉为诗人之魁的爱德蒙·斯宾塞也不得不叹服地说：“我们找不到一位比他更优美的诗人；他的诗神缪斯充溢着优美的构思，并且像他本人一样，英勇豪迈地呐喊着。”在英国的十四行诗中，莎士比亚的十四行诗是一座高峰，他的甜蜜的诗歌不仅在英国的抒情诗宝库中，而且在世界的抒情诗宝库中也有着崇高的地位。
莎士比亚sonnet18的主题
莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。 出自《莎士比亚十四行诗》，这本诗集收录了莎士比亚的十四行诗共154首，本诗是第十八首，也是较为著名的一首。莎士比亚十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间，此时正是十六世纪欧洲文艺复兴传到英国的时期。 因此，莎士比亚的十四行诗不仅结构巧妙，语汇丰富，也同时反映了这一时期的人文主义思想，具有很强的时代背景。 sonnet18——莎士比亚 QuatrainⅠ： A：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 或许我可用夏日把你来比方， B：Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。 A：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊， B：And summer's lease hath all too short a date. 夏季的期限也未免还不太长。 QuatrainⅡ： C：Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当， D：And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; 但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。 C：And every fair from fair sometime declines, 每一种美都终究会凋残零落， D：By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed. 难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。 Quatrain Ⅲ： E：But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡， F：Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; 你优美的形象也永不会消亡。 E：Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网， F：When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st. 只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。 Couplet： G：So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸， G：So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。 扩展资料： 作者简介 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564－1616）是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库勒斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及欧里庇得斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。 参考资料：百度百科-sonnet 18
Sonnet 18的主题是：爱征服一切。在这首诗中，叙述者把他的爱人和夏季做成比较，并认为他的爱人更好。他还指出，他的爱人将通过这首诗永远活着。 诗的全文如下： Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 能否把你比作夏日璀璨？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 你却比炎夏更可爱温存； Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 狂风摧残五月花蕊娇妍， And summer's lease hath all too short a date. 夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 苍天明眸有时过于灼热， And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; 金色脸容往往蒙上阴翳； And every fair from fair sometime declines, 一切优美形象不免褪色， By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; 偶然摧折或自然地老去。 But thy eternal summer shall not fade 而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢， Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; 秀雅风姿将永远翩翩； Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 死神无法逼你气息奄奄， When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: 你将永生于不朽诗篇。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 只要人能呼吸眼不盲， So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 这诗和你将千秋流芳。 扩展资料 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare），英国伟大的戏剧大师、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期的文学巨匠。莎士比亚自幼即对戏剧表现出明显的兴趣，在学习时很注意古罗马的诗歌和戏剧。后来家庭破产，他辍学谋生。 1585年前后，他去了伦敦，先是在剧院里打杂和在剧院外看管马匹，后来从事剧本创作受到注意，成为剧院编剧，还获得了一部分剧院的股份。逐渐地，他接触到文艺复兴的先进文化、思想，写出了很多伟大的作品。他的创作使他获得了丰厚的收入和世袭绅士的身份。 参考资料：百度百科-莎士比亚
Paraphrase A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a flattering question to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The beloved is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some negative things about summer: it is short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun is too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The lover's beauty will live on, through the poem which will last as long as it can be read.[edit]The poem (in modern spelling and punctuation) Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed.But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.[edit]Context The poem is part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609). It is also the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets, although some scholars see it as a part of the Procreation sonnets, as it still addresses the idea of reaching eternal life through the written word, a theme of sonnets 15-17. In this view, it can be seen as part of a transition to sonnet 20's time theme.[1] There are many theories about the identity of the 1609 Quarto's enigmatic dedicatee, Mr. W.H. Some scholars suggest that this poem may be expressing a hope that the Procreation sonnets despaired of: the hope of metaphorical procreation in a homosexual relationship.[2] Other scholars have pointed out that the order in which the sonnets are placed may have been the decision of publishers and not of Shakespeare. This introduces the possibility that Sonnet 18 was originally intended for a woman.[3][edit]Structure Sonnet 18 A reading of Sonnet 18Problems listening to this file? See media help.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[4] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.[5]Syllabic structure of a line of Sonnet 18[6]Stress x / x / x / x / x /Syllable Thou art more love- ly and more temp- pe- rate[edit]Exegesis "Complexion" in line six, can have two meanings: 1) The outward appearance of the face as compared with the sun ("the eye of heaven") in the previous line, or 2) the older sense of the word in relation to The four humours. In the time of Shakespeare, "complexion" carried both outward and inward meanings, as did the word "temperate" (externally, a weather condition; internally, a balance of humours). The second meaning of "complexion" would communicate that the beloved's inner, cheerful, and temperate disposition is sometimes blotted out like the sun on a cloudy day. The first meaning is more obvious, meaning of a negative change in his outward appearance.[7]The word, "untrimmed" in line eight, can be taken two ways: First, in the sense of loss of decoration and frills, and second, in the sense of untrimmed sails on a ship. In the first interpretation, the poem reads that beautiful things naturally lose their fanciness over time. In the second, it reads that nature is a ship with sails not adjusted to wind changes in order to correct course. This, in combination with the words "nature's changing course", creates an oxymoron: the unchanging change of nature, or the fact that the only thing that does not change is change. This line in the poem creates a shift from the mutability of the first eight lines, into the eternity of the last six. Both change and eternity are then acknowledged and challenged by the final line.[4]"Ow'st" in line ten can also carry two meanings equally common at the time: "ownest" and "owest". Many readers interpret it as "ownest", as do many Shakespearean glosses ("owe" in Shakespeare's day, was sometimes used as a synonym for "own"). However, "owest" delivers an interesting view on the text. It conveys the idea that beauty is something borrowed from nature—that it must be paid back as time progresses. In this interpretation, "fair" can be a pun on "fare", or the fare required by nature for life's journey.[8] Other scholars have pointed out that this borrowing and lending theme within the poem is true of both nature and humanity. Summer, for example, is said to have a "lease" with "all too short a date." This monetary theme is common in many of Shakespeare's sonnets, as it was an everyday theme in his budding capitalistic society.[9] [edit]Notes
我们老师讲的是friendship and humanity,我上次查了下，好像还有beauty and youth
Sonnet 18的主题是：爱征服一切。在这首诗中，叙述者把他的爱人和夏季做成比较，并认为他的爱人更好。他还指出，他的爱人将通过这首诗永远活着。 诗的全文如下： Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 能否把你比作夏日璀璨？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 你却比炎夏更可爱温存； Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 狂风摧残五月花蕊娇妍， And summer's lease hath all too short a date. 夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 苍天明眸有时过于灼热， And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; 金色脸容往往蒙上阴翳； And every fair from fair sometime declines, 一切优美形象不免褪色， By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; 偶然摧折或自然地老去。 But thy eternal summer shall not fade 而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢， Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; 秀雅风姿将永远翩翩； Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 死神无法逼你气息奄奄， When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: 你将永生于不朽诗篇。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 只要人能呼吸眼不盲， So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 这诗和你将千秋流芳。 扩展资料 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare），英国伟大的戏剧大师、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期的文学巨匠。莎士比亚自幼即对戏剧表现出明显的兴趣，在学习时很注意古罗马的诗歌和戏剧。后来家庭破产，他辍学谋生。 1585年前后，他去了伦敦，先是在剧院里打杂和在剧院外看管马匹，后来从事剧本创作受到注意，成为剧院编剧，还获得了一部分剧院的股份。逐渐地，他接触到文艺复兴的先进文化、思想，写出了很多伟大的作品。他的创作使他获得了丰厚的收入和世袭绅士的身份。 参考资料：百度百科-莎士比亚
Paraphrase A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a flattering question to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The beloved is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some negative things about summer: it is short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun is too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The lover's beauty will live on, through the poem which will last as long as it can be read.[edit]The poem (in modern spelling and punctuation) Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed.But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.[edit]Context The poem is part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609). It is also the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets, although some scholars see it as a part of the Procreation sonnets, as it still addresses the idea of reaching eternal life through the written word, a theme of sonnets 15-17. In this view, it can be seen as part of a transition to sonnet 20's time theme.[1] There are many theories about the identity of the 1609 Quarto's enigmatic dedicatee, Mr. W.H. Some scholars suggest that this poem may be expressing a hope that the Procreation sonnets despaired of: the hope of metaphorical procreation in a homosexual relationship.[2] Other scholars have pointed out that the order in which the sonnets are placed may have been the decision of publishers and not of Shakespeare. This introduces the possibility that Sonnet 18 was originally intended for a woman.[3][edit]Structure Sonnet 18 A reading of Sonnet 18Problems listening to this file? See media help.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[4] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.[5]Syllabic structure of a line of Sonnet 18[6]Stress x / x / x / x / x /Syllable Thou art more love- ly and more temp- pe- rate[edit]Exegesis "Complexion" in line six, can have two meanings: 1) The outward appearance of the face as compared with the sun ("the eye of heaven") in the previous line, or 2) the older sense of the word in relation to The four humours. In the time of Shakespeare, "complexion" carried both outward and inward meanings, as did the word "temperate" (externally, a weather condition; internally, a balance of humours). The second meaning of "complexion" would communicate that the beloved's inner, cheerful, and temperate disposition is sometimes blotted out like the sun on a cloudy day. The first meaning is more obvious, meaning of a negative change in his outward appearance.[7]The word, "untrimmed" in line eight, can be taken two ways: First, in the sense of loss of decoration and frills, and second, in the sense of untrimmed sails on a ship. In the first interpretation, the poem reads that beautiful things naturally lose their fanciness over time. In the second, it reads that nature is a ship with sails not adjusted to wind changes in order to correct course. This, in combination with the words "nature's changing course", creates an oxymoron: the unchanging change of nature, or the fact that the only thing that does not change is change. This line in the poem creates a shift from the mutability of the first eight lines, into the eternity of the last six. Both change and eternity are then acknowledged and challenged by the final line.[4]"Ow'st" in line ten can also carry two meanings equally common at the time: "ownest" and "owest". Many readers interpret it as "ownest", as do many Shakespearean glosses ("owe" in Shakespeare's day, was sometimes used as a synonym for "own"). However, "owest" delivers an interesting view on the text. It conveys the idea that beauty is something borrowed from nature—that it must be paid back as time progresses. In this interpretation, "fair" can be a pun on "fare", or the fare required by nature for life's journey.[8] Other scholars have pointed out that this borrowing and lending theme within the poem is true of both nature and humanity. Summer, for example, is said to have a "lease" with "all too short a date." This monetary theme is common in many of Shakespeare's sonnets, as it was an everyday theme in his budding capitalistic society.[9] [edit]Notes
我们老师讲的是friendship and humanity,我上次查了下，好像还有beauty and youth
求莎士比亚Sonnet18的主题,英文的
Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 莎士比亚Sonnet18 莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。 Shakespeare's Elizabethan era in England is a prosperous era of love poetry, and writing sonnets is a fashion. Shakespeare's sonnets are undoubtedly the best of that era, and his sonnets are still popular today. 他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫揉造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。 His sonnets swept away the affectation, beauty, lightness and emptiness of the poetic world at that time. It is said that Shakespeare's sonnets are dedicated to two people: the first 126 are dedicated to an aristocratic youth and the latter to a black girl. 这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。 This poem is the 18th of the sonnets, belonging to the former. Others say that his sonnets are professional literary creation. Of course, these are irrelevant. Poetry itself is great. 莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。 Shakespeare's Sonnets generally express a thought: love conquers everything. His poems fully affirmed human value, praised human dignity and individual rational function. The poet transformed abstract concepts into concrete images, and vividly explained the proposition of humanism with the perceptible and visible material world. 诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。 The beginning of the poem compares "you" with summer. The summer of nature is in the green world. Everything grows luxuriantly and covers the ground. It is the most prosperous time of life in nature. The intoxicating green and bright flowers make summer colorful, gorgeous and moving. 但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。 However, "you" is much more lovely and gentle than summer. The strong wind in May will trample on the lovely scenery. The term of summer is too short. The sun shines hot on the cloudy and mottled earth. The glittering beauty will inevitably wither in the flow of time. The most beautiful season in nature is also inferior to "you". 而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。 And "you" can overcome these shortcomings of nature. "You" will not wither in the most brilliant season, and even anything beautiful about "you" will not be lost. “你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。 "You" is the eternity of the world, "you" will let the shadow of death stay in a distant place, and will not die if death boasts. What is "you"? "You" are with mankind, and you are immortal in the long river of time. The essence of human spirit is poetry, is it your form? Or, you are the spirit of poetry, the soul of mankind. 诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。 The form of poetry has changed from the traditional Italian sonnet four three styles, but adopted four four two styles: give full play to the level of expression in the front, and after sufficient bedding, end the whole poem with two sentences and point out the theme. 全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。 The whole poem uses novel and ingenious metaphors and gorgeous and appropriate modifications to make the characters vivid and vivid. The poet makes the rigorous logical reasoning vivid and interesting with vivid expression, twists and turns, and finally skillfully draws the conclusion of humanism.
Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯 praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heart.The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯 lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯 lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯 sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.
o 2``````
Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯 praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heart.The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯 lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯 lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯 sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.
o 2``````
莎士比亚的十四行诗之18 是怎样体现主题的
莎士比亚的第十八首十四行诗表达了人文主义的主题思想：爱征服一切，美常驻人间。英国伊莎白时期的爱情诗佳作如云，而莎士比亚的十四行诗在那个时代却独领翻译公司。他的诗歌颂和肯定了人的价值和力量，表扬和赞颂了人高贵的尊严和理性，用深刻的语言阐释了人文主义的思想。人文主义的思想同样渗透在第十八首十四行诗中。这首诗以夏天的意象展开了想象，我们的脑海会立即浮现出绿荫的繁茂，娇蕾的艳丽。但这里的夏日实际上不是我们通常理解的“夏日炎炎”的夏日。英国的夏季除7 月下旬的几天外，气候一般舒适宜人，近似中国北方地区的晚春，让人产生愉快、美好的联想。而且这里的夏日既表示诗人的友人可爱，让人感到可意，又暗指他的友人正处于年轻、精力旺盛的时期，因为夏天总是充满了生机
莎士比亚的十四行诗主题是什麽？
莎士比亚的 十四行诗是英国格律诗的一座高峰。它感情丰富,寓意深刻,语言优美,节奏鲜明,是诗人进步的世界观和艺术观的生动反映。在154首十四行诗中,诗人热情洋溢地歌颂友谊和爱,青春和美,充分反映了诗人的人文主义思想。第一部分概述了有关时间的基本理论，探讨了时间形象的演变，及其体现出来的诗歌传统和哲学意义，分析了时间在文艺复兴时期诗歌传统中作为破坏者的形象及其意义，以及时间在莎士比亚十四行诗中体现出来的破坏者的形象的意义。第二部分指出，莎翁十四行诗中体现了文艺复兴时期的英国人具有战胜时间的本能的强烈欲望。首先是由于时间的摧毁力和破坏力十分强大，人感到了这种强大的压力，因此产生了反抗和战胜时间的强烈欲望。同时，为了实现自己梦中的记忆，回到过去，以赢得失去的天堂。这个过程，实际上是战胜时间、获得永恒的历程。第三部分分析了莎翁十四行诗中三种主要的战胜时间的方法与途径。一是结婚生子。规劝好友结婚生子，以战胜时间无情的镰刀的扫荡。二是诗歌使人战胜时间以达到永恒。三是爱可以使人永恒。本文的结束语回顾了全文的主要内容，并指出，这一诗组抒写的是普遍意义上的大“我”，而非“传记论”者所持的小“我”的小情绪 。
